One factor distinguishing modernism from postmodernism, one might argue, is the artist's relationship to mainstream society. The modernists who flourished from about 1880 to 1980--from Post-Impressionism through Conceptualism--opposed the general trend of materialist, bourgeois capitalism, and posited various personal mythologies as esthetic substitutes. The postmodernists--who began to predominate in the 1980s--borrowed from the Pop artists of the 1960s a more ambiguous, skeptical view of contemporary society and the artist's role in it, one that was partly satiric and partly accepting (think of Lichtenstein and Warhol). Moral ambiguity and esthetic hybridity continue to characterize most contemporary artwork, with young artists not...
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